The article examines the terminology and essence of the cyclical economy, as well as the relationship of its aspects with the principles of sustainable development. A systematization of the mutual influence of ESG factors and the circular economy is proposed, as well as a review of the risks of transforming the business model to a “closed cycle”. The purpose of the article is to determine the direction of adaptation of scenario forecast economic models for determining the effectiveness of the transition of enterprises to a cyclical economy, taking into account the advantages and dangers of changes. It is noted that the elements of the closed-cycle economy were actively introduced into domestic practice during the Soviet period and it is advisable to adapt this experience to the current market situation, taking into account the best international experience and regional peculiarities in our country. On the basis of the conducted research, the mutually influencing components and indicators of cyclic economy and ESG principles are studied, as well as a set of factors requiring attention and adaptation in research and practical work on the transition of enterprises to a “closed cycle” is proposed in the development of the methodology for constructing economic models for determining the predictive value of business. In conclusion, proposals are made for the further development of methodological support in the field of transformation of enterprises to a cyclical economy, as well as its main advantages.

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that against the backdrop of ongoing digital transformations of the economy, the standard set of methods and tools for state regulation of agribusiness is not always as effective as in previous periods. The novelty of the study lies in the improvement of conceptual approaches to state regulation of the ecosystem activities of agribusiness entities (financing, insurance, hedging, public procurement, commodity interventions, consulting, licensing, etc.), which differ from the known ones by taking into account the main characteristics of the digital economy (growth of data volumes, transparency, speed of information transfer, minimization of intermediary links, etc.), which determine the modernization of the regulatory impact. It is substantiated that it is advisable to modernize the regulatory impact by developing methods for the use of digital technologies (big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, etc.) and digital products (QR-coding of products, digital letters of credit, digital bank guarantees, smart contracts, etc.) to the indicated areas (financing, insurance, hedging, public procurement, commodity and procurement interventions, consulting, licensing, certification, etc.). The expected effects from the use of modernized methods and tools of state regulation of the ecosystem activities of agribusiness entities for the industry as a whole come down to reducing the regulatory burden and simplifying the receipt of state support measures. For public administration, the effects of using modernized methods and tools of state regulation can manifest themselves in the following areas: optimizing information exchange with industry entities; increasing the level of control over the movement of budget funds; strengthening the targeting of state support measures; increasing the speed of interaction with agribusiness entities and accelerating the response to control actions.

Technological modes are a complex of interdependent interactions of production, information, transport, and social infrastructure based on the formation, development, and improvement of new technological processes that form new industries and directions of economic systems development. In economic science, there are many approaches to the problems of formation and development of technological modes. The formation of a new technological mode within the framework of social, social and economic institutions of the previous mode requires the resolution of social and economic contradictions. Technological modes are formed on the basis of historically established conditions and development factors in national economic systems. At the same time, technological modes form the basic directions of development of the economic system of a territory or country. The processes of formation and development of technological modes affect issues of distribution of production and technology within the framework of globalization processes and distribution of financial, material and labor resources between production branches.
Resolution of contradictions in the interaction of technological modes leads to a decrease in social tension, and to the development and transformation of existing institutions. The development of the theory of the change of technological modes has formed the understanding that the basis of these changes is the transformation of institutions and social relations in society on the basis of a profound modernization of the system of old ways of production.

Improving the social welfare of the population is the main problem of economic development. The complexity of the subject of study is due to two factors. First, the self-determination of public welfare is debatable. Along with this, there are related concepts that are often perceived as synonymous: the level, quality of life and social welfare. However, more precise definitions are proposed. In the future, the standard of living will be used as a category that takes into account only minor aspects. The quality of life is considered as a social, economic and environmental sphere. In the framework of this work, welfare is understood as a complex category that evaluates the effectiveness of all aspects of human life, achieved with the welfare of the population. At the same time, with a large number of scientific publications on the problem of public consumption, the question of measuring private income is in additional analysis. With the help of the “Physical Quality Index”, changes in social welfare in the regions of the Russian Federation were analyzed. In general, for all federal regions in the period 2010–2020, there is an increase in life expectancy and infant mortality. As a result of the study, it was found that in the selected period, the boundaries between the boundaries of the sphere of life in all spheres of the Russian Federation.

Increasing labor productivity in the Russian economy is a condition for achieving high rates of sustainable growth in the future. The study of the relationship between labor productivity and its remuneration remains relevant in the digital economy, but when choosing the optimal ratio of their growth rates, one has to take into account the development trends of the domestic labor market. Changes in the growth rates of these indicators determine the dynamics of the share of wages in the country's gross domestic product, aggregate demand, and employment. The article analyzes the statistics of labor productivity growth rates, real wages and average wages of the population, reveals an unstable correlation between the dynamics of labor productivity and its payment, and also reveals that the share of wages in income is high. In our country, achieving a balance between the introduction of technologies that replace or save labor and an increase in the scale of production will help increase the level of labor productivity, which is an important factor in the country's competitiveness. Increasing requirements for the qualifications of workers and structural changes in the labor market in connection with the development of the digital economy will lead to an equalization of the growth rates of productivity and wages.

The formation of academic motivation among students becomes an acute problem of a higher educational institution. Motivation is an important condition for students to master successfully the necessary competencies, obtain professional skills. The formation of motivation and maintaining interest in training also depends on the teacher. The formation of motivation is the use of various forms, methods of training and organization of educational activities based on the opportunities, inclinations, abilities of students. The teacher must subtly feel the line between internal and external motivation. The teacher needs to help the student: 1) in the correct setting of academic goals, accurately compare these goals with their capabilities; 2) identify clear actions that can be taken at present in order to then achieve their goals; 3) learn to understand and determine how close his desired actions are to his goal.
The article presents an adapted model of the motivational process in the student environment, based on the situational theory by Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard, presents the dynamics of the riskiness of student motivation in the educational process and developed a map of common risks that arise during the implementation of the proposed model of the motivational process, which highlights internal and external risks.

The article presents an overview of theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of changes that occur in the field of education in connection with digitalization. The factors of the modern higher education system are considered: the use of blended learning technology, the introduction of massive open online courses in the educational process, the development by universities of their own platform for digital educational resources, the globalization of knowledge through the development of external online courses, the introduction of online learning elements into curricula. Research methods are statistical analysis and econometric modeling. As a result of the analysis, the factors influencing the success of graduates in the labor market are identified.

In the nuclear field, enterprises are largely exposed to the risk of accidents. In most cases, they arise due to the fault of the staff. That is why high-quality training of employees of enterprises in this industry is the leading direction in the development of a safe sphere for the functioning of industry in the country. Some research methods are based on the analysis and synthesis of information from open sources of legal and regulatory acts of large concerns and enterprises. The obtained data allow us to reproduce the general measures to improve the efficiency of labor resources.
The creation of a safety culture at the leading enterprises of the nuclear industry has led to an unsystematic approach to personnel training. This study provides a detailed analysis of the main aspects of the control of station employees, as well as improving the atmosphere between employees of enterprises. The need for assessment, implementation, further growth and development of the personal qualities of the staff, allows us to characterize many areas in this activity. An important role is played by both motivational and socio-psychological methods of influencing employees. Various methods of conducting personnel analysis, as well as basic tools of professional characteristics will increase the efficiency of labor and productivity of stations.

The relevance of the analysis based on the results of modification of the procedure for the distribution of student admission benchmarks in educational organizations is due to the need to reduce imbalances that are formed as a result of a combination of the principles of market and hierarchical coordination of higher education. The purpose of the article is a methodological analysis of a new order of distribution of student admission benchmarks from the standpoint of overcoming these imbalances. Updating the model, firstly, in terms of introducing growth coefficients and prioritization of territorial development, makes it possible to compensate for the lack of budget places in accordance with the staffing needs of regional economies; secondly, high values of the coefficient characterizing the ratio of per capita income and subsistence are used to assess the possibilities of reducing the share of budget financing of total expenditures on higher education in the following areas training, causing a rush demand; Thirdly, the use of the migration outflow coefficient is envisaged to assess the effects of graduate migration and the propensity to pay for education, which affects the share of federal budget funding for the region as a whole. As a method for determining the results of the introduction of the new methodology, a comparison of the distribution of places of admission to budgetary and paid places in higher education institutions is used according to the data of 2020–2021.
The obtained results testify to the possibility of overcoming the imbalance formed by the market component of the coordination of relations in the field of higher education by adjusting the procedure for distributing admission benchmarks between educational organizations.

Trade relations between countries are growing rapidly as the global economy integrates. Religion, along with other factors, has a great influence on doing business internationally. It is necessary to study cultural differences to achieve high results and competitive advantages in foreign markets. This article analyzes the possible ways of religion impact on international business, as well as the influence of religion on the cognitive structure of consumer behavior, which ultimately determines the purchasing choice. The work distinguishes three world religions, namely, Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. Each religion sets rules for desirable and forbidden behavior. These rules are also relevant and applicable to consumer choices and how they consume certain products and services. The reason for this behavior is the strong emotional charge of religiously oriented behavior, which can therefore be used to create and produce religious products and services that can eventually form a certain market. The article will be of interest to economists and managers, as well as to all those who are interested in the state of affairs in the world.

The banking sector shows steady growth and is the largest segment of the Russian financial market. The ratio of assets of credit institutions to GDP by the end of 2020 was 97.1 %. At the same time, in the securities market in 2019–2021 , the role of banking groups in the provision of brokerage services and trust management services was strengthened. The formation of the budget of a modern state is impossible without borrowing. In world practice, one of the actively used tools for attracting the required investment resources to the state budget are securities that help attract a large amount of funds through numerous investments, as well as contribute to meeting the needs of the state without resorting to the issue of funds.
The specifics of the Russian securities market is that the main investors in this market are foreign investors, commercial banks, and others. Commercial banks in modern Russia have been using government securities as an object for investing available resources since the 90s of the 20^th century.
The article evaluates the role of commercial banks in increasing the liquidity of government securities, proves the positive impact of the issue of government securities on economic growth, and suggests measures to strengthen the role of commercial banks in the stock market.

The formation mechanisms of tax liabilities, planning, budgeting processes and rational allocation of funds, taking into account existing tax risks are performed. Due to the specifics of the business processes organization, the tax burden factors in each type of activity differ. The article is devoted to the analysis of the tax burden on retail companies. Taxation of this type activity is current undergoing changes, in particular, the unified imputed income tax, which was levied on retail premises, has been abolished, tax incentives for small businesses have been introduced, a single tax payment and an automated simplified taxation system have been introduced since July of this year. In this regard it is very important for companies to understand what factors have the most significant impact on the tax burden indicator and, accordingly, what tax model to select. This article provides an example of a scientific approach to the analysis of the tax burden using correlation and regression analysis, which allows to test and identify the impact of various factors, such as revenue, retail space, number of stores, asset value, etc. on the indicator of the company’s tax burden calculated according to the methodology of the Russian Federation Federal Tax Service.

The subject of the research is the transformation of economic approaches as a result of the digitalization of the economy and society. The object of the study is the quantitative characteristics of the basic trends of changes in the digital economy. The article analyzes statistical data for a number of years on the costs of digitalization and the use of modern digital technologies. The international ratings of Russia in the digital economy are described. The most popular digital tools have been identified, namely broadband and mobile Internet, cloud services, which are widely used in practice. The problems of using these technologies are shown. Recommendations on the use of new technologies in society and in the economic sphere are given.
In general, we can conclude that digitalization covers many countries, including Russia. A lot of work is being done in Russia to introduce foreign innovations. However, the development of the technologies themselves is much slower, this is due to the financing and organization of scientific activities. According to the statistics, it can be seen that the financing of the digital economy for 2016–2020 has increased and the gross value added of the ICT sector as a percentage of GDP for the period 2013–2020 is growing. The place in the international ratings of Russia in the digital economy is average in terms of readiness for a network society. According to the indicators of the Internet, e-government and trade, Russia's place in international ratings is more worthy. Further analysis of the statistical data also confirmed the prevalence of broadband and especially mobile Internet among the population in Russia. The use of the Internet and cloud services by organizations in various sectors of the economy has also been widespread in recent years.

Our President has set an extremely important, ambitious goal to make the country one of the five world leaders in the field of priority scientific research by 2024. The relevance of this assignment in connection with recent events is reaching a completely new level. How can we qualitatively improve productivity, communication and collaboration in this competitive field to strengthen the position of Russian science, how can we increase the speed of assembling new projects and teams? According to our research, there are at least two problems: the first is that many researchers, even within the same organization, are often poorly informed about the ongoing projects of colleagues, the second is that talented and ambitious people often interact with each other in a difficult way. The results of our research show that it is possible to facilitate the solution of these important problems with the help of a crowdsourcing tool. The main objective of our research is to devise an effective methodology that allows increasing the inclusion (that is, involvement, participation, engagement) of interested parties, stakeholders in the process of research activities to establish mutually beneficial scientific communication, which would help to increase labor productivity in this area and strengthen the position of domestic science as a whole.

In the modern world, the reputation capital of an individual accumulates both in the physical world and in the online environment. A person's reputation in the physical world depends on how he interacts with his neighbors, employers, colleagues, children, spouse, and so on. Reputation in the online environment is based on the same factors, as well as on all his posts on social networks, purchases on the Internet, sensitive official information such as social security number and residential address, as well as obscene things that people talk about anonymously and without consequences. Thus, reputation in the online environment today is an important aspect that requires special attention, because searching for information about a person on the Internet gives an initial idea of his personality, forming an image that affects reputation capital.
This article reveals the main aspects of the reputation capital of an individual in the digital environment, namely: the concept of “online reputation” is considered, the main elements of the personal reputation management strategy are studied, the importance and key advantages of a good reputation of an individual are determined, the main conclusions on the research are made.